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John 19:12 Go deeper

← John 19 · ← verse 11 · verse 13 →

And from thenceforth Pilate sought to release him: but the Jews cried out, saying, If thou let this man go, thou art not Cæsar’s friend: whosoever maketh himself a king speaketh against Cæsar. (KJV)

Greek words tap a word

Greek text follows the SBLGNT, Textus Receptus and Byzantine readings in STEPBible's Translators Amalgamated Greek NT.

ἐκekOut of

Lemma: ἐκ (ek) · Strong's: G1537

Parsing: Preposition (PREP)

Meaning: out from — ἐκ (ἐξ), ; prep. with genitive, ; from out of, from (see Addendum, p. 492).; This entry is included here, but in the print version the entry is found on p. 492. ἐκ, before a vowel ἐξ, ; prep. with genitive, ; of motion…

Greek editions with this word: SBLGNT, TR, Byzantine

Used 929 times. Also: Matthew 1:3, Matthew 1:5, Matthew 1:6, Matthew 1:16, Matthew 1:18, Matthew 1:20 · All occurrences →

Source: TBESG G1537; TFLSJ G1537; TAGNT John 19:12 word 1

τούτουtoutouthis

Lemma: οὗτος (ohutos) · Strong's: G3778

Parsing: Demonstrative pronoun · Genitive · Singular · Neuter (D-GSN)

Meaning: this/he/she/it — οὗτος, αὕτη, τοῦτο, genitive, τούτου, ταύτης, τούτου, ; [in LXX chiefly for זֹאת ,זֶה ; ] ; demonstr. pron. (related to ἐκεῖνος as hic to ille), ; this; 1. as subst., this one, he; (a) absol.: Mat.3:17, Mrk.9:7,…

Greek editions with this word: SBLGNT, TR, Byzantine

Used 1423 times. Also: Matthew 1:20, Matthew 1:22, Matthew 3:3, Matthew 3:9, Matthew 3:17, Matthew 4:3 · All occurrences →

Source: TBESG G3778; TFLSJ G3778; TAGNT John 19:12 word 2

ὁho<the>

Lemma: ὁ (ho) · Strong's: G3588

Parsing: Definite article · Nominative · Singular · Masculine (T-NSM)

Meaning: the/this/who — ὁ, ἡ, τό, ; the prepositive article (ἄρθρον προτακτικόν), originally a demonstr. pron. (so usually in Hom.), in general corresponding to the Eng. definite article. ; I. As demonstr. pron. ; 1. As frequently in Hom.,…

Greek editions with this word: SBLGNT, TR, Byzantine

Used 20654 times. Also: Matthew 1:2, Matthew 1:3, Matthew 1:4, Matthew 1:5, Matthew 1:6, Matthew 1:7 · All occurrences →

Source: TBESG G3588; TFLSJ G3588; TAGNT John 19:12 word 3

ΠιλᾶτοςPilatosPilate

Lemma: Πιλᾶτος (Pilatos) · Strong's: G4091

Parsing: Noun · Nominative · Singular · Masculine · Individual (N-NSM-P)

Meaning: Pilate — Πειλᾶτος (Rec. Πιλάτος, Tr., -ᾶτος, see WH, App., 155), -ου, ὁ, ; Pontius Pilate: Mat.27:2, Mrk.15:1, Luk.3:1, Jhn.18:29, Act.3:13, 1Ti.6:13, al; (AS)

Greek editions with this word: SBLGNT, TR, Byzantine

Used 55 times. Also: Matthew 27:2, Matthew 27:13, Matthew 27:17, Matthew 27:22, Matthew 27:24, Matthew 27:58 · All occurrences →

Source: TBESG G4091; TFLSJ G4091; TAGNT John 19:12 word 4

ἐζήτειezēteiwas seeking

Lemma: ζητέω (zēteō) · Strong's: G2212

Parsing: Verb · Imperfect · Active · Indicative · 3rd · Singular (V-IAI-3S)

Meaning: to seek — ζητέω, -ῶ, ; [in LXX chiefly for בּקשׁ pi., also for דּרשׁ, etc. ; ] ; 1. to seek, seek for: Mat.7:7, 8 Luk.11:9, 10; with accusative of person(s), Mrk.1:37, Luk.2:48, Jhn.6:24, al.; id. before ἐν, Act.9:11; with…

Greek editions with this word: SBLGNT, TR, Byzantine

Used 119 times. Also: Matthew 2:13, Matthew 2:20, Matthew 6:33, Matthew 7:7, Matthew 7:8, Matthew 12:43 · All occurrences →

Source: TBESG G2212; TFLSJ G2212; TAGNT John 19:12 word 5

ἀπολῦσαιapolusaito release

Lemma: ἀπολύω (apoluō) · Strong's: G0630G

Parsing: Verb · Aorist · Active · Infinitive (V-AAN)

Meaning: to release: release — ἀπο-λύω ; [in LXX for שׁוּב, etc., frequently in 1-4 Mac ; ] ; 1. to set free, release: Luk.13:12, Jhn.19:10, al.; a debtor, Mat.18:27; metaphorically, of forgive­ness, Luk.6:37. ; 2. to let go, dismiss (Field, Notes, 9…

Greek editions with this word: SBLGNT, TR, Byzantine

Used 54 times. Also: Matthew 14:15, Matthew 14:22, Matthew 14:23, Matthew 15:23, Matthew 15:32, Matthew 15:39 · All occurrences →

Source: TBESG G0630G; TFLSJ G0630G; TAGNT John 19:12 word 6

αὐτόν.¶autonHim.

Lemma: αὐτός (autos) · Strong's: G0846

Parsing: Personal pronoun · Accusative · Singular · Masculine (P-ASM)

Meaning: it/s/he — αὐτός, -ή, -ό, ; determinative pron., in late Gk. much more frequently than in cl. (WM, 178f.; Jannaris, HGG, §1399). ; 1. Emphatic (so always in nom. exc. when preceded by the art., see infr., iii); (1) self (ipse),…

Greek editions with this word: SBLGNT, TR, Byzantine

Used 5846 times. Also: Matthew 1:2, Matthew 1:11, Matthew 1:18, Matthew 1:19, Matthew 1:20, Matthew 1:21 · All occurrences →

Source: TBESG G0846; TFLSJ G0846; TAGNT John 19:12 word 7

ΟἱHoi<the>

Lemma: ὁ (ho) · Strong's: G3588

Parsing: Definite article · Nominative · Plural · Masculine (T-NPM)

Meaning: the/this/who — ὁ, ἡ, τό, ; the prepositive article (ἄρθρον προτακτικόν), originally a demonstr. pron. (so usually in Hom.), in general corresponding to the Eng. definite article. ; I. As demonstr. pron. ; 1. As frequently in Hom.,…

Greek editions with this word: SBLGNT, TR, Byzantine

Used 20654 times. Also: Matthew 1:2, Matthew 1:3, Matthew 1:4, Matthew 1:5, Matthew 1:6, Matthew 1:7 · All occurrences →

Source: TBESG G3588; TFLSJ G3588; TAGNT John 19:12 word 8

δὲdebut

Lemma: δέ (de) · Strong's: G1161

Parsing: Conjunction (CONJ)

Meaning: then — δέ (before vowels δ᾽; on the general neglect of the elision in NT, see WH, App., 146; Tdf., Pr., 96), ; post-positive conjunctive particle; 1. copulative, but, in the next place, and, now (Abbott, JG, 104): Mat.1:2ff.,…

Greek editions with this word: SBLGNT, TR, Byzantine

Used 2921 times. Also: Matthew 1:2, Matthew 1:3, Matthew 1:4, Matthew 1:5, Matthew 1:6, Matthew 1:7 · All occurrences →

Source: TBESG G1161; TFLSJ G1161; TAGNT John 19:12 word 9

ἸουδαῖοιIoudaioithe Jews

Lemma: Ἰουδαῖος (Ioudaios) · Strong's: G2453

Parsing: Noun · Nominative · Plural · Masculine · Person Gentilic (N-NPM-PG)

Meaning: Jew — Ἰουδαῖος, -αία, -αῖον ; (Ἰούδας), ; Jewish: ἀνήρ, Act.10:28 22:3; ἄνθρωπος, Act.21:39; ψευδοπροφήτης, 13:6; ἀσχιερεύς, 19:14; γυνή, 16:1 24:24; γῆ, Jhn.3:22; χώρα, Mrk.1:5. Substantively, ; (a) Ἰουδαῖος, ὁ, a Jew:…

Greek editions with this word: SBLGNT, TR, Byzantine

Used 195 times. Also: Matthew 2:2, Matthew 27:11, Matthew 27:29, Matthew 27:37, Matthew 28:15, Mark 7:3 · All occurrences →

Source: TBESG G2453; TFLSJ G2453; TAGNT John 19:12 word 10

ἐκραύγασανekraugasancried out

Lemma: κραυγάζω (kraugazō) · Strong's: G2905

Parsing: Verb · Aorist · Active · Indicative · 3rd · Plural (V-AAI-3P)

Meaning: to shout — κραυγάζω (κραυγή) ; [in LXX: Est.3:13 (רוּעַ hi.)* ; ] = κράζω ; 1. of animals, to bay, to croak, etc. ; 2. Of men, to cry out, shout: Mat.12:19, Jhn.12:13 19:15 Act.22:23; before λέγων, Jhn.18:40 19:6, 12; καὶ λέγων,…

Greek editions with this word: SBLGNT

Used 9 times. Also: Matthew 12:19, Luke 4:41, John 11:43, John 12:13, John 18:40, John 19:6 · All occurrences →

Source: TBESG G2905; TFLSJ G2905; TAGNT John 19:12 word 11

λέγοντες·legontessaying;

Lemma: λέγω (legō) · Strong's: G3004G

Parsing: Verb · Present · Active · Participle · Nominative · Plural · Masculine (V-PAP-NPM)

Meaning: to say — λέγω, ; [in LXX very freq., chiefly for אמר; λέγει for נְאֻם, Gen.22:16, al. ; ] ; 1. in Hom., to pick out, gather, reckon, recount.; 2. In Hdt. and Att., to say, speak, affirm, declare: absol., Act.13:15, 24:10; before…

Greek editions with this word: SBLGNT, TR, Byzantine

Used 1305 times. Also: Matthew 1:20, Matthew 1:22, Matthew 2:2, Matthew 2:13, Matthew 2:15, Matthew 2:17 · All occurrences →

Source: TBESG G3004G; TFLSJ G3004G; TAGNT John 19:12 word 12

ἐὰνeanIf

Lemma: ἐάν (ean) · Strong's: G1437

Parsing: Conjunction (COND)

Meaning: if — ἐάν, contr. fr. εἰ ἄν, ; conditional particle, ; representing something as "under certain circumstances actual or liable to happen," but not so definitely expected as in the case of εἰ with ind. (Bl., §65, 4; cf.…

Greek editions with this word: SBLGNT, TR, Byzantine

Used 345 times. Also: Matthew 4:9, Matthew 5:13, Matthew 5:19, Matthew 5:20, Matthew 5:23, Matthew 5:32 · All occurrences →

Source: TBESG G1437; TFLSJ G1437; TAGNT John 19:12 word 13

τοῦτονtoutonthis [man]

Lemma: οὗτος (ohutos) · Strong's: G3778

Parsing: Demonstrative pronoun · Accusative · Singular · Masculine (D-ASM)

Meaning: this/he/she/it — οὗτος, αὕτη, τοῦτο, genitive, τούτου, ταύτης, τούτου, ; [in LXX chiefly for זֹאת ,זֶה ; ] ; demonstr. pron. (related to ἐκεῖνος as hic to ille), ; this; 1. as subst., this one, he; (a) absol.: Mat.3:17, Mrk.9:7,…

Greek editions with this word: SBLGNT, TR, Byzantine

Used 1423 times. Also: Matthew 1:20, Matthew 1:22, Matthew 3:3, Matthew 3:9, Matthew 3:17, Matthew 4:3 · All occurrences →

Source: TBESG G3778; TFLSJ G3778; TAGNT John 19:12 word 14

ἀπολύσῃς,apolusēsyou shall release,

Lemma: ἀπολύω (apoluō) · Strong's: G0630G

Parsing: Verb · Aorist · Active · Subjunctive · 2nd · Singular (V-AAS-2S)

Meaning: to release: release — ἀπο-λύω ; [in LXX for שׁוּב, etc., frequently in 1-4 Mac ; ] ; 1. to set free, release: Luk.13:12, Jhn.19:10, al.; a debtor, Mat.18:27; metaphorically, of forgive­ness, Luk.6:37. ; 2. to let go, dismiss (Field, Notes, 9…

Greek editions with this word: SBLGNT, TR, Byzantine

Used 54 times. Also: Matthew 14:15, Matthew 14:22, Matthew 14:23, Matthew 15:23, Matthew 15:32, Matthew 15:39 · All occurrences →

Source: TBESG G0630G; TFLSJ G0630G; TAGNT John 19:12 word 15

οὐκouknot

Lemma: οὐ (ou) · Strong's: G3756

Parsing: Negative Particle · Negative · Negative (PRT-N)

Meaning: no — οὐ, before a vowel with smooth breathing οὐκ, before one with rough breathing οὐχ (but improperly οὐχ ἰδού, Act.2:7, WH, mg.; cf. WH, Intr., §409; M, Pr., 44, 244), ; [in LXX for אֵין ,אַיִן ,לֹא ; ] ; neg. particle, ;…

Greek editions with this word: SBLGNT, TR, Byzantine

Used 1689 times. Also: Matthew 1:25, Matthew 2:18, Matthew 3:11, Matthew 4:4, Matthew 4:7, Matthew 5:14 · All occurrences →

Source: TBESG G3756; TFLSJ G3756; TAGNT John 19:12 word 16

εἶeiyou are

Lemma: εἰμί (eimi) · Strong's: G1510

Parsing: Verb · Present · Active · Indicative · 2nd · Singular (V-PAI-2S)

Meaning: to be — εἰμί, ; with various uses and significations, like the English verb to be. ; I. As substantive verb. ; 1. Of persons and things, to be, exist: Act.17:28, Jhn.1:1, 8:58, 17:5, al; ὁ ὢν καὶ ὁ ἦν (for past ptcp.), Rev.1:4,…

Greek editions with this word: SBLGNT, TR, Byzantine

Used 2406 times. Also: Matthew 1:18, Matthew 1:19, Matthew 1:20, Matthew 1:23, Matthew 2:2, Matthew 2:6 · All occurrences →

Source: TBESG G1510; TFLSJ G1510; TAGNT John 19:12 word 17

φίλοςphilosa friend

Lemma: φίλος (philos) · Strong's: G5384

Parsing: Adjective · Nominative · Singular · Masculine (A-NSM)

Meaning: friendly/friend — φίλος, -η, -ον ; [in LXX chiefly for רֵעַ, אָהַב ; ] ; 1. pass., beloved, dear (Hom., Eur., al.). ; 2. Act., loving, friendly (in cl. less frequently and only in poets): Act.19:31. As subst., a friend; (a) masc., ὁ φ.:…

Greek editions with this word: SBLGNT, TR, Byzantine

Used 27 times. Also: Matthew 11:19, Luke 7:6, Luke 7:34, Luke 11:5, Luke 11:6, Luke 11:8 · All occurrences →

Source: TBESG G5384; TFLSJ G5384; TAGNT John 19:12 word 18

τοῦtou<the>

Lemma: ὁ (ho) · Strong's: G3588

Parsing: Definite article · Genitive · Singular · Masculine (T-GSM)

Meaning: the/this/who — ὁ, ἡ, τό, ; the prepositive article (ἄρθρον προτακτικόν), originally a demonstr. pron. (so usually in Hom.), in general corresponding to the Eng. definite article. ; I. As demonstr. pron. ; 1. As frequently in Hom.,…

Greek editions with this word: SBLGNT, TR, Byzantine

Used 20654 times. Also: Matthew 1:2, Matthew 1:3, Matthew 1:4, Matthew 1:5, Matthew 1:6, Matthew 1:7 · All occurrences →

Source: TBESG G3588; TFLSJ G3588; TAGNT John 19:12 word 19

Καίσαρος.Kaisarosof Caesar.

Lemma: Καῖσαρ (Kaisar) · Strong's: G2541J

Parsing: Noun · Genitive · Singular · Masculine · Title (N-GSM-T)

Meaning: Caesar — Καῖσαρ, -αρος, ὁ ; Cæsar: Mat.22:17, Luk.2:1, Jhn.19:12, Act.25:8 ff., al ; (AS)

Greek editions with this word: SBLGNT, TR, Byzantine

Used 16 times. Also: Matthew 22:17, Matthew 22:21, Mark 12:14, Mark 12:16, Mark 12:17, Luke 20:22 · All occurrences →

Source: TBESG G2541J; TFLSJ G2541J; TAGNT John 19:12 word 20

πᾶςpasEveryone

Lemma: πᾶς (pas) · Strong's: G3956

Parsing: Adjective · Nominative · Singular · Masculine (A-NSM)

Meaning: all — πᾶς, πᾶσα, πᾶν, genitive, παντός, πάσης, παντός, ; [in LXX chiefly for כֹּל ; ] ; all, every. ; I. As adj., ; 1. with subst. anarth., all, every, of every kind: Mat.3:10 4:23, Mrk.9:49, Luk.4:37, Jhn.2:1o, Act.27:20,…

Greek editions with this word: SBLGNT, TR, Byzantine

Used 1264 times. Also: Matthew 1:17, Matthew 2:3, Matthew 2:4, Matthew 2:16, Matthew 3:5, Matthew 3:10 · All occurrences →

Source: TBESG G3956; TFLSJ G3956; TAGNT John 19:12 word 21

ὁho<the>

Lemma: ὁ (ho) · Strong's: G3588

Parsing: Definite article · Nominative · Singular · Masculine (T-NSM)

Meaning: the/this/who — ὁ, ἡ, τό, ; the prepositive article (ἄρθρον προτακτικόν), originally a demonstr. pron. (so usually in Hom.), in general corresponding to the Eng. definite article. ; I. As demonstr. pron. ; 1. As frequently in Hom.,…

Greek editions with this word: SBLGNT, TR, Byzantine

Used 20654 times. Also: Matthew 1:2, Matthew 1:3, Matthew 1:4, Matthew 1:5, Matthew 1:6, Matthew 1:7 · All occurrences →

Source: TBESG G3588; TFLSJ G3588; TAGNT John 19:12 word 22

βασιλέαbasileaa king

Lemma: βασιλεύς (basileus) · Strong's: G0935

Parsing: Noun · Accusative · Singular · Masculine (N-ASM)

Meaning: king — βασιλεύς, -έως, ὁ, ; [in LXX chiefly for מֶלֶךְ ; ] ; a king: Mat.1:6 2:1; used by courtesy of Herod the Tetrarch, Mat.14:9; of the Roman Emperor, as frequently in κοινή (Deiss., LAE, p. 367), 1Pe.2:13, 17; of the…

Greek editions with this word: SBLGNT, TR, Byzantine

Used 115 times. Also: Matthew 1:6, Matthew 2:1, Matthew 2:2, Matthew 2:3, Matthew 2:9, Matthew 5:35 · All occurrences →

Source: TBESG G0935; TFLSJ G0935; TAGNT John 19:12 word 23

ἑαυτὸνhe'autonhimself

Lemma: ἑαυτοῦ (heautou) · Strong's: G1438

Parsing: Reflexive pronoun · 3rd · Accusative · Singular · Masculine (F-3ASM)

Meaning: themself — ἑαυτοῦ, -ῆς, -οῦ, dative -ῷ, etc., accusative -όν, etc., pi. -ῶν, etc. (Att. contr. αὑτοῦ, etc); reflex pron.; 1. prop, of 3rd person (Lat. sui, sibi, se), of himself, herself, itself, etc.: Mat.27:42, Mrk.15:31,…

Greek editions with this word: SBLGNT, Byzantine

Used 329 times. Also: Matthew 3:9, Matthew 6:4, Matthew 6:34, Matthew 8:22, Matthew 9:3, Matthew 9:21 · All occurrences →

Source: TBESG G1438; TFLSJ G1438; TAGNT John 19:12 word 24

ποιῶνpoiōnmaking

Lemma: ποιέω (poieō) · Strong's: G4160G

Parsing: Verb · Present · Active · Participle · Nominative · Singular · Masculine (V-PAP-NSM)

Meaning: to do/make: do — ποιέω, -ῶ, ; [in LXX for a great variety of words, but chiefly for עשׂה ; ] ; 1. to make, produce, create, cause: with accusative of thing(s), Mat.17:4, Mrk.9:5, Jhn.9:11, Act.9:39, Rom.9:20, al.; of God as Creator…

Greek editions with this word: SBLGNT, TR, Byzantine

Used 565 times. Also: Matthew 1:24, Matthew 3:3, Matthew 3:8, Matthew 3:10, Matthew 4:19, Matthew 5:19 · All occurrences →

Source: TBESG G4160G; TFLSJ G4160G; TAGNT John 19:12 word 25

ἀντιλέγειantilegeispeaks against

Lemma: ἀντιλέγω (antilegō) · Strong's: G0483

Parsing: Verb · Present · Active · Indicative · 3rd · Singular (V-PAI-3S)

Meaning: to dispute — ἀντι-λέγω ; [in LXX: Hos.4:4 (רִיב hi.), Isa.50:5 (סוּג ni.) Isa.22:22 65:2, Sir.4:25, 3Ma.2:28, 4Ma.4:7 4Mac 8:2 * ; ] ; cοntradict, oppose, resist (see Field, Notes, 106; MM, VGT, see word); absol.: Act.28:19,…

Greek editions with this word: SBLGNT, TR, Byzantine

Used 10 times. Also: Luke 2:34, Luke 20:27, Acts 13:45, Acts 28:19, Acts 28:22, Romans 10:21 · All occurrences →

Source: TBESG G0483; TFLSJ G0483; TAGNT John 19:12 word 26

τῷtō<the>

Lemma: ὁ (ho) · Strong's: G3588

Parsing: Definite article · Dative · Singular · Masculine (T-DSM)

Meaning: the/this/who — ὁ, ἡ, τό, ; the prepositive article (ἄρθρον προτακτικόν), originally a demonstr. pron. (so usually in Hom.), in general corresponding to the Eng. definite article. ; I. As demonstr. pron. ; 1. As frequently in Hom.,…

Greek editions with this word: SBLGNT, TR, Byzantine

Used 20654 times. Also: Matthew 1:2, Matthew 1:3, Matthew 1:4, Matthew 1:5, Matthew 1:6, Matthew 1:7 · All occurrences →

Source: TBESG G3588; TFLSJ G3588; TAGNT John 19:12 word 27

Καίσαρι.¶KaisariCaesar.

Lemma: Καῖσαρ (Kaisar) · Strong's: G2541J

Parsing: Noun · Dative · Singular · Masculine · Title (N-DSM-T)

Meaning: Caesar — Καῖσαρ, -αρος, ὁ ; Cæsar: Mat.22:17, Luk.2:1, Jhn.19:12, Act.25:8 ff., al ; (AS)

Greek editions with this word: SBLGNT, TR, Byzantine

Used 16 times. Also: Matthew 22:17, Matthew 22:21, Mark 12:14, Mark 12:16, Mark 12:17, Luke 20:22 · All occurrences →

Source: TBESG G2541J; TFLSJ G2541J; TAGNT John 19:12 word 28

How the BSB renders it

Each English phrase in the Berean Standard Bible and the original word behind it.

From then on→ἐκ G1537 out from
. . .→οὗτος G3778 this/he/she/it
Pilate→Πιλᾶτος G4091 Pilate
tried→ζητέω G2212 to seek
to release→ἀπολύω G0630G to release: release
Him→αὐτός G0846 it/s/he
but→δέ G1161 then
the→ὁ G3588 the/this/who
Jews→Ἰουδαῖος G2453 Jew
kept shouting→κραυγάζω G2905 to shout
. . .→λέγω G3004G to say
If→ἐάν G1437 if
you release→ἀπολύω G0630G to release: release
this [man]→οὗτος G3778 this/he/she/it
you are→εἰμί G1510 to be
no→οὐ G3756 no
friend→φίλος G5384 friendly/friend
of Caesar→Καῖσαρ G2541J Caesar
Anyone→πᾶς G3956 all
who→ὁ G3588 the/this/who
declares→ποιέω G4160G to do/make: do
himself→ἑαυτοῦ G1438 themself
a king→βασιλεύς G0935 king
is defying→ἀντιλέγω G0483 to dispute
Caesar→Καῖσαρ G2541J Caesar

King James Version (KJV), public domain in the United States. Source

All attributions

Original-language words, glosses, parsing and lexicon entries: STEPBible data by Tyndale House, Cambridge (TAHOT, TAGNT, TBESH, TBESG, TFLSJ, TEHMC, TEGMC), CC BY 4.0, with changes. Hebrew text from the Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible. English alignment: Berean Standard Bible tables (public domain).

All attributions and changes